founder學測 L4KK [ˈfaʊndɚ] ｜ /ˈfaʊndɚ/
創辦人；創始人·失敗；垮掉·沉沒；下沉
名詞動詞意義天差地別，是考題陷阱
The company foundered within a year, but its founder never gave up.
這家公司一年內就徹底垮了，但它的創辦人從未放棄。
義項
公司創辦B2noun創辦人；創始人
Steve Jobs is the founder of Apple Inc.
賈伯斯是蘋果公司的創辦人。
founder of a companycompany founder
生意垮台B2verb失敗；垮掉
The small business foundered soon after it opened.
這家小生意開幕不久後就徹底垮了。
the business founderedthe project foundered
船隻沉沒B2verb沉沒；下沉
The ship began to founder after hitting an iceberg.
那艘船撞上冰山後開始下沉。
the ship founderedfounder at sea
片語
founder and CEO身兼執行長 →創辦人兼任執行長
co-founder共同創辦 →共同創辦人
the plan foundered計畫告吹 →計畫徹底失敗
the ship foundered船隻沉沒 →船隻沉入海底
你會不會這樣說？
Steve Jobs is the ___ of Apple. (founder / founded)
看答案
founder
founder在此是名詞「創辦人」；founded是動詞過去式，用法不同。
'The small business foundered soon after it opened.' 這裡的 foundered 最接近哪個意思？(A) 建立 (B) 徹底失敗 (C) 前進
看答案
(B)
此句描述生意開幕後的下場，對應「失敗；垮掉」的動詞義項。
字族
founding 創始的；建立的・foundation 基金會；基礎
順路看看
sink — 同樣指下沉，是更常見的日常說法collapse — 計畫或制度瓦解時更常用的字establish — 表示創立機構，語氣更正式多益練習
本區為多益情境練習，與上方釋義獨立編寫
情境例句
新人交流
The company's founder joined the new employees for lunch.
公司創辦人與新進員工一起吃午餐。
專案檢討
The pilot project foundered because the departments could not agree on a schedule.
由於各部門無法就時程達成共識，這項試辦專案徹底失敗。
詞族
found verb 創立（與創辦人義相關）・founded verb (past tense / past participle) 創立（found 的過去式／過去分詞）・co-founder noun 共同創辦人・foundered verb (past tense / past participle) 徹底失敗（動詞 founder 的變化形）
四選一
The company was ____ by two engineers who wanted to improve office lighting.
看答案
founded
公司是被創立的，was founded by 構成被動語態。founder 作名詞指創辦人，作動詞也不是此處需要的過去分詞；founding 是現在分詞；founders 是複數名詞或動詞現在式，均不符合本句。
同義改寫
The company's founder joined the new employees for lunch. → The person who established the company joined the new employees for lunch.
founder 指創立公司的人，改為關係子句後保留其身分與共進午餐的行為。
The pilot project foundered because the departments could not agree on a schedule. → The pilot project failed completely because the departments could not agree on a schedule.
此處 foundered 表示專案徹底失敗，failed completely 保留失敗程度及原因。