shortage學測 L5KK [ˈʃɔrtədʒ] ｜ /ˈʃɔrtədʒ/
短缺；不足
學測常考，短缺與short易混淆
After the storm, there was a shortage of rice, and the shops sold out fast.
暴風雨過後，米出現短缺，商店的米很快就賣完了。
一個畫面：存量見底
水位下降乾旱時池水越來越少，快見底
貨架空蕩民生用品被搶購一空，架上空蕩蕩
人力吃緊職缺一直找不到足夠的人來填補
義項
水缸見底C1noun短缺；不足
There was a shortage of water in the town because of the long drought.
鎮上因為長期乾旱而缺水。
a water shortagea food shortage
片語
acute shortage急缺物資 →非常嚴重的短缺
food shortage缺糧窘境 →糧食不足的窘境
你會不會這樣說？
The city is facing a water ___. (shortage / short)
看答案
shortage
shortage是名詞，short是形容詞，詞性不同不可替換。
哪一句用法正確？(A) There was a shortage of water. (B) There was a shorted of water.
看答案
(A)
shortage後接of＋名詞，表示缺乏某物，是固定名詞用法。
字族
short 短的；不足的
順路看看
lack — 更廣泛的「不足」，可當動詞用scarce — 形容供給稀少，常修飾資源supply — shortage常與supply相對出現多益練習
本區為多益情境練習，與上方釋義獨立編寫
情境例句
倉庫包裝
A severe shortage of packing boxes forced the warehouse team to postpone packing.
包裝箱嚴重短缺，迫使倉庫團隊延後包裝作業。
人力安排
The factory reduced production because of an acute shortage of trained staff.
工廠因受過訓練的人員嚴重不足而減產。
詞族
shortage noun 短缺；不足・shortages plural noun 多項或多次短缺・short adjective 不足的；缺乏的
四選一
The warehouse could not complete the shipment because of a severe ____ of packing boxes.
看答案
shortage
a severe shortage of 表示「……的嚴重短缺」。short 在此義下是形容詞，不能充當所需名詞；shortages 是複數，不能與 a 搭配；shortly 是副詞，不能作此名詞片語的核心。
同義改寫
A severe shortage of packing boxes forced the warehouse team to postpone packing. → A serious lack of packing boxes forced the warehouse team to postpone packing.
a serious lack 保留 severe shortage 的嚴重不足程度，以及因此延後作業的因果關係。
The factory reduced production because of an acute shortage of trained staff. → The factory reduced production because it was severely short of trained staff.
was severely short of 改用形容詞結構表達嚴重缺乏人員，保留減產原因。